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''Lycopodium clavatum'' (wolf's-foot clubmoss, stag's-horn clubmoss, or ground pine〔Bailey, L.H.; Bailey, E.Z.; the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. ''Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada''. Macmillan, New York.〕) is the most widespread species in the genus ''Lycopodium'' in the clubmoss family. ''Lycopodium clavatum'' is a spore-bearing vascular plant, growing mainly prostrate along the ground with stems up to long; the stems are much branched, and densely clothed with small, spirally arranged leaves. The leaves are 3–5 mm long and 0.7–1 mm broad, tapered to a fine hair-like white point. The branches bearing spore cones turn erect, reaching above ground, and have fewer leaves than the horizontal branches. The spore cones are yellow-green, long, and broad. The horizontal stems produce roots at frequent intervals along their length, allowing the stem to grow indefinitely along the ground. The stems superficially resemble small seedlings of coniferous trees, though it is not related to these. ''Lycopodium clavatum'' has a widespread distribution across several continents.〔(Flora of North America, ''Lycopodium clavatum'' Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1101. 1753. Common club-moss, lycopode à massue )〕〔(Flora of China, ''Lycopodium clavatum'' Linnaeus, 1753. 东北石松 dong bei shi song )〕〔(Altervista Flora Italiana, ''Lycopodium clavatum'' L. ) includes photos and European distribution map〕〔Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia, Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis〕〔Mickel, J. T. & J. M. Beitel. 1988. Pteridophyte Flora of Oaxaca, Mexico. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden 46: 1–568〕〔Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).〕 There are distinct subspecies and varieties in different parts of its range: *''Lycopodium clavatum'' subsp. ''clavatum'' * *''Lycopodium clavatum'' subsp. ''clavatum'' var. ''clavatum'' (Europe, Asia, North America) * *''Lycopodium clavatum'' subsp. ''clavatum'' var. ''aristatum'' (Mexico, Caribbean, Central America, northern South America south to northern Argentina) * *''Lycopodium clavatum'' subsp. ''clavatum'' var. ''asiaticum'' (Japan, northeast China) * *''Lycopodium clavatum'' subsp. ''clavatum'' var. ''borbonicum'' (central and southern Africa) * *''Lycopodium clavatum'' subsp. ''clavatum'' var. ''kiboanum'' (mountains of tropical Africa) *''Lycopodium clavatum'' subsp. ''contiguum'' (southern Central America, northern South America; syn. ''Lycopodium contiguum'') Although globally widespread, like many clubmosses, it is confined to undisturbed sites, disappearing from farmed areas and sites with regular burning. As a result, it is endangered in many areas. In the UK it is one of 101 species named as a high priority for conservation by the wild plant charity Plantlife. ;Other common names Common names for this species include common clubmoss, stag's-horn clubmoss, wolf-paw clubmoss, foxtail clubmoss, running clubmoss, running ground-pine, running pine,〔 ''running moss, princess pine'', and others. ;Use The spores of this moss, "lycopodium powder", are explosive if present in the air in high enough densities. They were used as flash powder in early photography and magic acts. ;Active constituents Bioactive secondary metabolites in clubmosses include triterpenoids with acetylcholinesterase inhibitor activity isolated from this species.〔Rollinger JM, Ewelt J, Seger C, Sturm S, Ellmerer EP, Stuppner H (2005). ''Planta Med'';71(11):1040-3. (PMID 16320206 )〕 Image:Lycopodium clavatum clavatum2.jpg|''L. clavatum'' ssp. ''clavatum'' var. ''clavatum'', with sporophyll Image:Lycopodium_clavatum.jpg|''L. clavatum'' with sporophylls ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lycopodium clavatum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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